1. Indexing

Check the query patterns of your application and create the right indexes.

2. Materialized Views

Pre-compute complex query results and store them for faster access.

3. Denormalization

Reduce complex joins to improve query performance.

4. Vertical Scaling

Boost your database server by adding more CPU, RAM, or storage.

5. Caching

Store frequently accessed data in a faster storage layer to reduce database load.

6. Replication

Create replicas of your primary database on different servers for scaling the reads.

7. Sharding

Split your database tables into smaller pieces and spread them across servers. Used for scaling the writes as well as the reads.