Types of VPNs | System Vault

Skip to content

System Vault

Main Navigation 指南特性架构演进参考

Appearance

Sidebar Navigation

cs

system-design-101

data

guides

10-books-for-software-developers

10-essential-components-of-a-production-web-application

10-good-coding-principles-to-improve-code-quality

10-key-data-structures-we-use-every-day

10-principles-for-building-resilient-payment-systems-by-shopify

10-system-design-tradeoffs-you-cannot-ignore

100x-postgres-scaling-at-figma

11-steps-to-go-from-junior-to-senior-developer

15-open-source-projects-that-changed-the-world

18-common-ports-worth-knowing

18-key-design-patterns-every-developer-should-know

2-decades-of-cloud-evolution

20-popular-open-source-projects-started-or-supported-by-big-companies

25-papers-that-completely-transformed-the-computer-world

30-useful-ai-apps-that-can-help-you-in-2025

4-ways-netflix-uses-caching-to-hold-user-attention

4-ways-of-qr-code-payment

5-functions-to-merge-data-with-pandas

5-http-status-codes-that-should-never-have-been-created

5-important-components-of-linux

6-software-architectural-patterns-you-must-know

7-must-know-strategies-to-scale-your-database

8-common-system-design-problems-and-solutions

8-data-structures-that-power-your-databases

8-key-concepts-in-ddd

8-key-oop-concepts-every-developer-should-know

8-must-know-scalability-strategies

8-tips-for-efficient-api-design

9-best-practices-for-building-microservices

9-best-practices-for-developing-microservices

9-docker-best-practices-you-must-know

9-essential-components-of-a-production-microservice-application

a-beginner's-guide-to-cdn-content-delivery-network

a-brief-history-og-programming-languages

a-cheat-sheet-for-api-designs

a-cheat-sheet-for-designing-fault-tolerant-systems

a-cheat-sheet-for-system-designs

a-cheatsheet-for-uml-class-diagrams

a-cheatsheet-on-comparing-api-architectural-styles

a-cheatsheet-on-database-performance

a-cheatsheet-on-infrastructure-as-code-landscape

a-cheatsheet-to-build-secure-apis

a-crash-course-in-database-sharding

a-crash-course-on-architectural-scalability

a-roadmap-for-full-stack-development

airbnb-artchitectural-evolution

algorithms-you-should-know-before-taking-system-design-interviews

amazon-prime-video-monitoring-service

api-gateway-101

api-of-apis-app-integrations

api-vs-sdk

aws-services-cheat-sheet

aws-services-evolution

azure-services-cheat-sheet

b-tree-vs

big-data-pipeline-cheatsheet-for-aws-azure-and-google-cloud

big-endian-vs-little-endian

blocking-vs-non-blocking-queue

build-a-simple-chat-application

cache-miss-attack

cache-systems-every-developer-should-know

can-kafka-lose-messages

cap-base-solid-kiss-what-do-these-acronyms-mean

cap-theorem-one-of-the-most-misunderstood-terms

change-data-capture-key-to-leverage-real-time-data

chatgpt-timeline

choose-the-right-database-for-metric-collecting-system

cicd-pipeline-explained-in-simple-terms

cicd-simplified-visual-guide

cloud-comparison-cheat-sheet

cloud-cost-reduction-techniques

cloud-database-cheat-sheet

cloud-disaster-recovery-strategies

cloud-load-balancer-cheat-sheet

cloud-monitoring-cheat-sheet

cloud-native-anti-patterns

concurrency-is-not-parallelism

consistent-hashing

cookies-vs-sessions-vs-jwt-vs-paseto

cybersecurity-101-in-one-picture

data-pipelines-overview

database-middleware

deepseek-1-pager

delivery-semantics

design-gmail

design-google-maps

design-patterns-cheat-sheet-part-1-and-part-2

design-stock-exchange

devops-vs-noops

devops-vs-sre-vs-paltform-engg

diagram-as-code

differences-in-event-sourcing-system-design

digital-wallet-in-traditional-banks-vs-wallet-in-blockchain

dns-record-types-you-should-know

do-you-know-all-the-components-of-a-url

do-you-know-why-meta-google-and-amazon-all-stop-using-leap-seconds

e-commerce-workflow

encoding-vs-encryption-vs-tokenization

erasure-coding

evolution-of-airbnb's-microservice

evolution-of-the-netflix-api-architecture

evolution-of-uber's-api-layer

explain-the-top-6-use-cases-of-object-stores

explaining-5-unique-id-generators-in-distributed-systems

explaining-8-popular-network-protocols-in-1-diagram

explaining-9-types-of-api-testing

explaining-json-web-token-jwt-to-a-10-year-old-kid

explaining-sessions-tokens-jwt-sso-and-oauth-in-one-diagram

explaining-the-4-most-commonly-used-types-of-queues-in-a-single-diagram

firewall-explained-to-kids-and-adults

fixing-bugs-automatically-at-meta-scale

foreign-exchange-payments

git-commands-cheat-sheet

git-merge-vs-git-rebate

git-vs-github

git-workflow

graphql-adoption-patterns

handling-hotspot-accounts

hidden-costs-of-the-cloud

how-applegoogle-pay-works

how-are-notifications-pushed-to-our-phones-or-pcs

how-can-cache-systems-go-wrong

how-can-redis-be-used

how-digital-signatures-work

how-discord-stores-trillions-of-messages

how-do-airtags-work

how-do-big-keys-impact-redis-persistence

how-do-c++-java-python-work

how-do-companies-ship-code-to-production

how-do-computer-programs-run

how-do-googleapple-maps-blur-license-plates-and-human-faces-on-street-view

how-do-message-queue-architectures-evolve

how-do-processes-talk-to-each-other-on-linux

how-do-search-engines-work

how-do-sql-joins-work

how-do-we-design-a-chat-application-like-whatsapp-facebook-messenger-or-discord

how-do-we-design-a-permission-system

how-do-we-design-a-secure-system

how-do-we-design-a-system-for-internationalization

how-do-we-design-effective-and-safe-apis

how-do-we-design-for-high-availability

how-do-we-detect-node-failures-in-distributed-systems

how-do-we-incorporate-event-sourcing-into-the-systems

how-do-we-learn-elasticsearch

how-do-we-manage-configurations-in-a-system

how-do-we-manage-data

how-do-we-manage-sensitive-data-in-a-system

how-do-we-perform-pagination-in-api-design

how-do-we-retry-on-failures

how-do-we-transform-a-system-to-be-cloud-native

how-do-you-decide-which-type-of-database-to-use

how-does-a-password-manager-such-as-1password-or-lastpass-work

how-does-a-typical-push-notification-system-work

how-does-a-vpn-work

how-does-ach-payment-work

how-does-amazon-build-system-work

how-does-aws-lambda-work-behind-the-scenes

how-does-chatgpt-work

how-does-cnd-work

how-does-docker-work

how-does-garbage-collection-work

how-does-git-work

how-does-google-authenticator-or-other-types-of-2-factor-authenticators-work

how-does-graphql-work-in-the-real-world

how-does-grpc-work

how-does-https-work

how-does-javascript-work

how-does-netflix-scale-push-messaging-for-millions-of-devices

how-does-redis-persist-data

how-does-rest-api-work

how-does-scan-to-pay-work

how-does-ssh-work

how-does-terraform-turn-code-into-cloud

how-does-the-browser-render-a-web-page

how-does-the-domain-name-system-dns-lookup-work

how-does-twitter-recommend-tweets

how-does-visa-make-money

how-does-visa-work-when-we-swipe-a-credit-card-at-a-merchant's-shop

how-does-youtube-handle-massive-video-content-upload

how-is-a-sql-statement-executed-in-the-database

how-is-data-transmitted-between-applications

how-is-email-delivered

how-levelsfyi-scaled-to-millions-of-users-with-google-sheets

how-nat-made-the-growth-of-the-internet-possible

how-netflix-really-uses-java

how-redis-architecture-evolve

how-tiktok-manages-a-200k-file-frontend-monorepo

how-to-ace-system-design-interviews-like-a-boss

how-to-avoid-crawling-duplicate-urls-at-google-scale

how-to-avoid-double-payment

how-to-choose-the-right-database

how-to-deploy-services

how-to-design-google-docs

how-to-design-secure-web-api-access-for-your-website

how-to-handle-web-request-error

how-to-implement-read-replica-pattern

how-to-learn-payments

how-to-load-your-websites-at-lightning-speed

how-to-release-a-mobile-app

how-to-scale-a-website-to-support-millions-of-users

how-to-store-passwords-in-the-database

how-to-upload-a-large-file-to-s3

how-will-you-design-the-stack-overflow-website

http-cookies-explained-with-a-simple-diagram

http-status-code-you-should-know

http1-http2-http3

https-ssl-handshake-and-data-encryption-explained-to-kids

imperative-vs-functional-vs-object-oriented-programming

important-things-about-http-headers-you-may-not-know

internet-traffic-routing-policies

ipv4-vs-ipv6

iqiyi-database-selection-trees

is-https-safe

is-it-possible-to-run-c-c++-or-rust-on-a-web-browser

is-microservice-architecture-the-silver-bullet

is-passkey-shaping-a-passwordless-future

is-postgresql-eating-the-database-world

is-telegram-secure

java-collection-hierarchy

json-files

jwt-101-key-to-stateless-authentication

key-concepts-to-understand-database-sharding

key-data-terms

key-terms-in-domain-driven-design

key-use-cases-for-load-balancers

kubernetes-deployment-strategies

kubernetes-periodic-table

kubernetes-tools-ecosystem

kubernetes-tools-stack-wheel

learn-cache

life-is-short-use-dev-tools

linux-boot-process-explained

linux-file-permission-illustrated

linux-file-system-explained

live-streaming-explained

load-balancer-realistic-use-cases-you-may-not-know

log-parsing-cheat-sheet

logging-tracing-metrics

low-latency-stock-exchange

making-sense-of-search-engine-optimization

mcdonald's-event-driven-architecture

memcached-vs-redis

money-movement

monorepo-vs

most-popular-cache-eviction

most-used-linux-commands-map

must-know-system-design-building-blocks

mvc-mvp-mvvm-viper-patterns

my-recommended-materials-for-cracking-your-next-technical-interview

netflix-tech-stack-cicd-pipeline

netflix-tech-stack-databases

netflixs-overall-architecture

netflixs-tech-stack

oauth-2-explained-with-siple-terms

oauth-20-flows

orchestration-vs-choreography-microservices

paradigm-shift-how-developer-to-tester-ratio-changed-from-11-to-1001

payment-system

pessimistic-vs-optimistic-locking

polling-vs-webhooks

possible-experiment-platform-architecture

proximity-service

proxy-vs-reverse-proxy

push-vs-pull-in-metrics-collecting-systems

quadtree

read-replica-pattern

reconciliation-in-payment

reddit's-core-architecture

resiliency-patterns

rest-api-cheatsheet

rest-api-vs-graphql

reverse-proxy-vs-api-gateway-vs-load-balancer

session-cookie-jwt-token-sso-and-oauth-2

shortlong-polling-sse-websocket

smooth-data-migration-with-avro

soap-vs-rest-vs-graphql-vs-rpc

some-devops-books-i-find-enlightening

**Storage systems overview**

swift-payment-messaging-system

symmetric-encryption-vs-asymmetric-encryption

system-design-blueprint-the-ultimate-guide

system-design-cheat-sheet

the-12-factor-app

the-9-algorithms-that-dominate-our-world

the-evolving-landscape-of-api-protocols-in-2023

the-fundamental-pillars-of-object-oriented-programming

the-one-line-change-that-reduced-clone-times-by-a-whopping-99-says-pinterest

the-open-source-ai-stack

the-payments-ecosystem

the-ultimate-api-learning-roadmap

the-ultimate-kafka-101-you-cannot-miss

the-ultimate-kubernetes-command-cheatsheet

the-ultimate-redis-101

the-ultimate-software-architect-knowledge-map

things-to-consider-when-using-cache

time-series-db-tsdb-in-20-lines

token-cookie-session

top-10-k8s-design-patterns

top-10-most-popular-open-source-databases

top-12-tips-for-api-security

top-3-api-gateway-use-cases

top-4-data-sharding-algorithms-explained

top-4-forms-of-authentication-mechanisms

top-4-kubernetes-service-types-in-one-diagram

top-4-most-popular-use-cases-for-udp

top-5-caching-strategies

top-5-common-ways-to-improve-api-performance

top-5-kafka-use-cases

top-5-most-used-deployment-strategies

top-5-software-architectural-patterns

top-5-strategies-to-reduce-latency

top-5-trade-offs-in-system-designs

top-6-cases-to-apply-idempotency

top-6-cloud-messaging-patterns

top-6-database-models

top-6-elasticsearch-use-cases

top-6-firewall-use-cases

top-6-load-balancing-algorithms

top-6-most-commonly-used-server-types

top-6-multithreading-design-patterns-you-must-know

top-6-tools-to-turn-code-into-beautiful-diagrams

top-7-most-used-distributed-system-patterns

top-8-c++-use-cases

top-8-cache-eviction-strategies

top-8-must-know-docker-concepts

top-8-programming-paradigms

top-8-standards-every-developer-should-know

top-9-architectural-patterns-for-data-and-communication-flow

top-9-cases-behind-100-cpu-usage

top-9-engineering-blog-favorites

top-9-http-request-methods

top-9-website-performance-metrics-you-cannot-ignore

top-eventual-consistency-patterns-you-must-know

top-network-security-cheatsheet

twitter-10-tech-stack

twitter-architecture-2022-vs-2012

types-of-databases

types-of-memory

types-of-memory-and-storage

types-of-message-queue

types-of-vpns

typical-aws-network-architecture-in-one-diagram

uber-tech-stack

uber-tech-stack-cicd

understanding-database-types

unicast-vs-broadcast-vs-multicast-vs-anycast

unified-payments-interface-upi-in-india

unique-id-generator

url-uri-urn-do-you-know-the-differences

v1what-is-sso-single-sign-on

vertical-partitioning-vs-horizontal-partitioning

visualizing-a-sql-query

what-are-database-isolation-levels

what-are-the-differences-among-database-locks

what-are-the-differences-between-a-load-balancer-and-an-api-gateway

what-are-the-differences-between-cookies-and-sessions

what-are-the-differences-between-paging-and-segmentation

what-are-the-differences-between-wan-lan-pan-and-man

what-are-the-greenest-programming-languages

what-are-the-most-important-aws-services-to-learn

what-are-the-top-caching-strategies

what-do-version-numbers-mean

what-does-a-typical-microservice-architecture-look-like

what-does-acid-mean

what-does-api-gateway-do

what-happens-when-you-type-a-url-into-your-browser

what-happens-when-you-type-google

what-happens-when-you-upload-a-file-to-amazon-s3

what-is-a-cookie

what-is-a-deadlock

what-is-a-load-balancer

what-is-a-stop-loss-order-and-how-does-it-work

what-is-an-ai-agent

what-is-cdn-content-delivery-network

what-is-cloud-native

what-is-css-cascading-style-sheets

what-is-devsecops

what-is-elk-stack-and-why-is-it-so-popular-for-log-management

what-is-graphql

what-is-grpc

what-is-k8s-kubernetes

what-is-osi-model

what-is-serverless-db

what-is-the-best-way-to-learn-sql

what-is-the-difference-between-process-and-thread

what-is-the-journey-of-a-slack-message

what-is-web-3

what-makes-aws-lambda-so-fast

what-makes-http2-faster-than-http1

what-protocol-does-online-gaming-use-to-transmit-data

what-tools-does-your-team-use-to-ship-code-to-production-and-ensure-code-quality

what's-the-difference-between-session-based-authentication-and-jwts

which-latency-numbers-should-you-know

who-are-the-fantastic-four-of-system-design

why-are-content-delivery-networks-cdn-so-popular

why-do-we-need-to-use-a-distributed-lock

why-is-kafka-fast

why-is-nginx-so-popular

why-is-postgresql-voted-as-the-most-loved-database-by-stackoverflow-2022-developer-survey

why-is-redis-so-fast

dev

python

用纯 Tkinter 实现一个全屏久坐提醒工具（无任何第三方依赖）

pyenv 指南

uv 工具

idea

IntelliJ IDEA 跨 Windows → Linux 迁移构建失败问题总结

java

sdkman 指南

sublimetext

Sublime Text 嵌入式终端 Terminus 安装与排错完整指南

Sublime Text 自定义快捷键

os

debian

CopyQ vs wl-clipboard

Debian 13 (Trixie) 添加 deb-multimedia 源完整指南

Debian安装远程桌面客户端

Debian 13 KDE Plasma 环境说明 & Flatpak 配置指南

keyd 安装与完整配置指南（Debian / Ubuntu）

linux

disown 说明

[Linux File System](https://deusyu.app/posts/linux-file-system/)

nohup 与 systemd 本质区别（原理拆解版）

Linux 后台运行命令解析（原理拆解版）

terminal

win

Cygwin、Msys、MinGW、Msys2的区别与联系

Windows 上 GNU 生态全景解析：Cygwin、MinGW、MSYS 与 POSIX 的演进与本质

Windows 环境Git bash 安装ZSH

fzf-tab - 使用 fzf 作为 zsh 的补全选择菜单

现代 Linux 开发效率工具完整指南

tmux 指南

zoxide增强cd命令

zsh

vm

Debian 12 / 13 安装 KVM 并部署 Windows 10 完整实战指南（增强版）

开始使用

On this page

Think you know how VPNs work? Think again! 😳 It's so complex.

Last updated:

Pager

Previous pagetypes-of-message-queue

Next pagetypical-aws-network-architecture-in-one-diagram

Released under the MIT License.

guides

categories